Reducing Inequality: SDG 10 from an Islamic Viewpoint

## Abstract This paper examines SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) through the lens of Islamic economic principles, arguing that Islam provides both ethical foundations and practical mechanisms for addressing global inequality. ## Introduction Sustainable Development Goal 10 aims to reduce inequality within and among countries. Global wealth concentration data shows alarming trends: the richest 10% own approximately 85% of global wealth, while the bottom 70% possess only 3%. ## Islamic Framework for Equality ### Divine Ownership and Human Stewardship In Islam, all wealth ultimately belongs to Allah, and humans are trustees (khulafa). This fundamentally challenges the notion of unlimited wealth accumulation. ### Mandatory Wealth Redistribution Zakat represents a systematic approach to wealth redistribution, requiring annual transfers from wealth holders to those in need. ### Prohibition of Riba (Interest) The Islamic prohibition on interest-based transactions addresses one of the primary mechanisms of wealth concentration in modern economies. ## Key Findings 1. Islamic principles align strongly with SDG 10 objectives 2. Zakat alone could significantly reduce global poverty if implemented universally 3. Islamic finance models offer alternatives to debt-based economic systems 4. The concept of Ummah promotes international solidarity ## Conclusion Islamic economic principles offer both ethical grounding and practical tools for reducing inequality, complementing and often exceeding the ambitions of SDG 10.